mohamad reza Noori-Daloii; Nazanin Rahimi rad; Saeedeh Kavoosi
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
According to the growing developments and improvements of cancer immunotherapies, nowadays, special attention has been paid to the immunotherapies of various types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the T-cell therapies that affects tumor cells, not the normal cells. ...
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According to the growing developments and improvements of cancer immunotherapies, nowadays, special attention has been paid to the immunotherapies of various types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the T-cell therapies that affects tumor cells, not the normal cells. Research conducted over the past decades suggests that CAR T-cell based therapies has revolutionized cancer therapies, and has provided precious achievements in the treatment of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma, and solid tumors including neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. In this review article, structure, function of CAR T- cells, along with some of the antigens that are expressed on the surface of the tumor cells and the CAR T-cells targeting them are presented. Subsequently, several examples of successful therapies with the help of this technology are presented and finally, the safety of these therapies and the challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Kazem Asdollahi; Rasoul Abdollahzadeh; Mohammadreza Nori Deloyee
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 131-144
Abstract
Nowadays, targeted genome engineering is one of the most important advances in genetic engineering. This process is based on the function of engineered endonucleases. These tools can make desirable genetic changes through creating double strand breaks followed by homologous recombination or non-homologous ...
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Nowadays, targeted genome engineering is one of the most important advances in genetic engineering. This process is based on the function of engineered endonucleases. These tools can make desirable genetic changes through creating double strand breaks followed by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining mechanisms in a specific site on genome. Genome editing endonucleases have strong ability in understanding the gene performance and gene therapy applications. Meganucleases are the first group of these tools which are naturally found in all creatures and play a crucial role in the targeted genome engineering. zinc finger endonucleases (ZFNs) are the second class made using fusion of a series of DNA recognition Zinc finger domains with catalytic domain of FokI enzyme. Another class of these nucleases includes Transcription activator like-effector nucleases (TALENs) in which, DNA recognition domains are derivatives of transcription activator like-effector proteins from Xanthomonas species, plant pathogen bacteria، fused with catalytic domain of FokI enzyme, like previous class. The last class of these engineered endonucleases, modeled on bacterial adaptive immune system which are called CRISPR/Cas. In this system, Cas9 endonuclease is recruited to the target sequence by a guide RNA that pairs with target DNA and then the enzyme cuts the DNA. In this review, characteristics of the four endonucleases mentioned above and some advances in this area for enhancing its efficiency and specificity in basic and practical researches will discuss through personal experiences and up to date references.
Sanaz Tabarestani; mohamad reza Noori-Daloii
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 74-87
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and one out of 8 or 10 women is diagnosed with breast cancer. This type of cancer is an extremely heterogenous disease, which is classified into multiple categories including LCIS (Lobular carcinoma in situ) , DCIS (Ductal carcinoma in situ), and invasive ...
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and one out of 8 or 10 women is diagnosed with breast cancer. This type of cancer is an extremely heterogenous disease, which is classified into multiple categories including LCIS (Lobular carcinoma in situ) , DCIS (Ductal carcinoma in situ), and invasive carcinoma. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two major high-risk genes associated with hereditary breast cancer. Mutations in CHEK2 gene also contribute to a substantial fraction of familial breast cancer. Susceptibility alleles in other genes are also rare causes of breast cancer. More than 1000 mutations have been identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, and molecular assays for detecting mutations in these genes are now well established. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause genomic instability, which leads to alterations in additional key genes including tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenes. There is a promise of tailoring treatment programs for individual women in near future. The emergence of miRNAs as regulators of gene expression identifies them as a novel candidate for diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. The ability of miRNAs to simultaneously regulates many target genes and makes them attractive candidates for regulating stem cell self-renewal and cell fate decisions. The involvement of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of human malignancy holds much potential for new developments in current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the management of patients with breast cancer. The identification of novel miRNAs, the elucidation of their mRNA targets, and an understanding of their functional effects will improve our knowledge of the roles of these novel biomarkers in carcinogenesis, including breast cancer, and open avenues for potential therapeutic intervention.